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Guide Introduction to Modal Getting started Functions Functions Invocation methods Function lookups Container lifecycle management Parametrized Functions Dynamic configuration Sandboxes Sandboxes Running commands Networking and security File access Snapshots Exit Snapshots BetaPricing and resources Sidecars BetaSecret injection BetaEndpoints Endpoints Supported models Shared Endpoints Dedicated Endpoints Endpoint candidates Endpoint integrations Training Quickstart Tinker-compatible API BetaMulti-node training Images Defining Images Using existing container images Named images Fast pull from registry GPUs and other resources GPU acceleration Using CUDA on Modal Configuring CPU, memory, and disk Scaling out Scaling out Input concurrency Batch processing Job queues Dynamic batching Multi-node Clusters Deployment Apps, Functions, and entrypoints Managing deployments Continuous deployment Scheduled Functions HTTP Applications Servers Sticky Sessions Web Functions Streaming endpoints Web Function URLs Request timeouts Proxy Tokens Networking Tunnels Proxies BetaCluster networking Data sharing and storage Passing local data Volumes Storing model weights Cloud bucket mounts Dicts Queues Dataset ingestion Secrets and environment variables Secrets Environment variables Performance Cold start performance Memory Snapshots High-performance LLM inference Reliability and robustness Failures and retries Preemption Timeouts GPU health Troubleshooting Security and privacy Security and privacy Data residency Customer-supplied encryption keys AlphaAudit logs Integrations Using OIDC to authenticate with external services Connecting Modal to your Datadog account Connecting Modal to your OpenTelemetry provider Slack notifications BetaWorkspace & account settings Workspaces Environments Service users User groups Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Billing Network egress billing Budgets Identity and provisioning Okta SSO Microsoft Entra SSO Google Workspace SSO Custom SAML SSO SCIM Integration Other topics Feature maturity Restricted Functions JavaScript/Go SDKs BetaModal 1.0 migration guide File and project structure Developing and debugging Jupyter notebooks Asynchronous API usage Global variables Region selection GPU Metrics Search syntax

Network file systems (deprecated)

modal.NetworkFileSystem provides writeable volumes that can be simultaneously attached to multiple Modal Functions.

NetworkFileSystem is deprecated and will be shut down on November 20, 2026. See the migration guide for details.

The NetworkFileSystem abstraction is limited by the fact that the underlying storage is located in only one cloud region. Since Modal compute runs in multiple regions, this causes variable latency and throughput issues when accessing the file system.

We recommend migrating to Volumes v2, which offer fast reads and writes across all regions (see migration guide).

Deleting NFS objects 

You can delete a network filesystem object (along with all of its data) via the storage dashboard, the modal nfs delete CLI, or the modal.NetworkFileSystem.delete method.